ISSN: 2960-1959
Publisher
Review Articles

A Comprehensive Study of Pericardial Hydatid Cyst: Systematic Review and Meta-Data Presentation

Hiwa O. Abdullah
Smart Health Tower, Scientific Affairs Department, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Berun A. Abdalla
Smart Health Tower, Scientific Affairs Department, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Dana H. Mohammed-Saeed
College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Soran H. Tahir
College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Fattah H. Fattah
College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Sabah J. Hassan
Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Hussein M. Hamasalih
Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Bnar J. Hama Amin
Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Abdulwahid M. Salih
College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Savo Sh. Noori
Ministry of Health, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Fahmi H. Kakamad
College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Shvan H. Mohammed
Kscien Organization for Scientific Research (Middle East office), Hamid Str, Azadi Mall, Sulaimani, Kurdstan, Iraq
Abstract
920
Downloads
149
Published: February 17, 2023
PDF
PDF

Abstract

Introduction

Pericardial hydatid cysts constitute 7% of all cases of cardiac hydatidosis, yet their occurrence is often associated with several life-threatening complications. This study presents a systematic review of reported cases of pericardial hydatid cysts.

Methods

A systematic review of published studies on pericardial hydatid cysts was conducted. The included studies meeting the following criteria: (1) Confirmation of pericardium infection through diagnostic modalities, surgical findings, or histopathology; (2) Presentation of case details within the study; (3) Presence of cyst(s) originally located or adhered to the pericardium without rupture from adjacent cardiac structures or organs.

Results

In total, 106 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of cases (29.72%) were reported in Turkey, followed by India (18.24%). No gender predilection was observed, and patients' ages ranged from 5 to 80 years. The most common symptoms reported were chest pain (43%) and dyspnea (36%). Hydatid cysts were exclusively located in the pericardium in 56% of cases, while 44% involved multiple locations. Surgery was the preferred treatment choice (87.8%), with cystectomy (72.3%) being the primary technique for cyst removal. Only three cases (2%) experienced recurrences, with a significant correlation between recurrence and a history of hydatidosis. The mortality rate was 2.7%.

Conclusion

Pericardial hydatid disease is more prevalent in subtropical regions. The definitive treatment for pericardial hydatid cysts is primarily surgical, typically performed through a median sternotomy. A history of hydatidosis increases the likelihood of recurrence.

References

  1. Göksel OS, Tanju S, Surmen B, El H, Tireli E, Dayioglu E. Recurrent Apical Cardiac hydatid cyst Presenting with Angina. Acta Chirurgica Belgica. 2008;108(6):783-5. Available from: doi:10.1080/00015458.2008.11680341
  2. Charfeddine S, Mallek S, Gueldiche M, Triki F, Jmâa HB, Frikha I, et al. A huge cardiac hydatid cyst: An unusual cause of chest pain revealing multivisceral hydatidosis in a young woman. Journal of the Saudi Heart Association. 2015;27(4):286-91. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2015.04.003
  3. Salih AM, Kakamad FH, Rauf GM. Isolated hydatid cyst of the diaphragm, a case report. International journal of surgery case reports. 2016; 29(1):130-2. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.10.071
  4. Bogdanovic A, Radojkovic M, Tomasevic RJ, Pesic I, Petkovic TR, Kovacevic P, et al. Presentation of pericardial hydatid cyst as acute cardiac tamponade. Asian Journal of Surgery. 2017;40(2):175-7. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.asjsur.2013.10.001
  5. Ghareep AN, Helmy A, Francis W. Asymptomatic isolated hydatid pericardial cyst: Important item in the differential diagnosis list (To be kept in mind). The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. 2017;48(4):865-7. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.ejrnm.2017.07.011
  6. Shakil U, Rehman AU, Shahid R. Isolated cardiac hydatid cyst. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2015; 25(5):374-5. Not available.
  7. Bakirci EM, Kalkan K, Duman H, Tanboga IH, Degirmenci H. Pan Cardiac hydatid cyst. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2013;62(18S2):C161-2. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.08.474
  8. Dwivedi AN, Gupta S, Bhatia L, Tripathi S. Isolated pericardial hydatid cyst: anatomical details on 64 slice multidetector CT scanner. Case Reports. 2012;2012(1):1-2. Available from: doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-006595
  9. Gormus N, Durgut K, Ozergin U, Solak H. Suppurated mediastinal and cardiac echinococcosis: report of a case. Surgery today. 2005;35(8):668-70. Available from: doi:10.1007/s00595-002-2979-8
  10. Kothari J, Lakhia K, Solanki P, Bansal S, Boraniya H, Pandya H, et al. Invasive pericardial hydatid cyst: Excision of multiple huge cysts. Journal of the Saudi Heart Association. 2017;29(1):53-6. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2016.06.005
  11. Salati SA, Dar AM, Khan AB, Bhat MA, Ahangar AG. Isolated pericardial hydatid cyst. J Surg Pak. 2008;13(4):167-9. doi:N/A
  12. Abhishek V, Avinash V. Cardiac hydatid disease: literature review. Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals. 2012;20(6):747-50. Available from: doi:10.1177/0218492312460774
  13. Dursun M, Terzibasioglu E, Yilmaz R, Cekrezi B, Olgar S, Nisli K, et al. Cardiac hydatid disease: CT and MRI findings. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2008;190(1):226-32. Available from: doi:10.2214/AJR.07.203
  14. Kahlfuß S, Flieger RR, Roepke TK, Yilmaz K. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac echinococcosis. Heart. 2016;102(17):1348-53. Available from: doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309350
  15. Abou-Bekr B, Riffi O. Pericardial, pulmonary and hepatic hydatid cyst. Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports. 2022;78(1):102207. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.epsc.2022.102207
  16. Akkuş M, Kaya M, Satilmişoglu MH, Utkusavaş A. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the treatment of pericardial hydatid cyst. Acta Chirurgica Belgica. 2020;120(3):190-2. Available from: doi:10.1080/00015458.2018.1523299
  17. Akpinar I, Tekeli S, Sen T, Sen N, Basar N, Cagli KE, et al. Extremely rare cardiac involvement: recurrent pericardial hydatid cyst. Internal Medicine. 2012;51(4):391-3. Available from: doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.51.6370
  18. Alloubi I, Hamraoui S, Kamaoui I. Hydatid cyst of the pericardium: unusual mediastinal tumor. Chest. 2020;157(6):A184. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.207
  19. Allouch M, Ahmed HB, Gloulou F, Moncef H. Sudden death due to an unrecognized cardiac hydatid cyst. Internal Medicine. 2011;50(18):2051-2. Available from: doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.50.5813
  20. Carmona P, Alonso J, Aparicio S, Zarragoikoetxea I, Ibañez F, Argente P. Cardiac hydatid disease: an uncommon cause of cardiac tumors. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2017;31(2):675-7. Available from: doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2016.04.016
  21. Antonovic J, Rösch J. Angiographic Approach to Study of Human Cardiac Echinococcosis: Report of a Case. Radiology. 1972;103(2):281-2. Available from: doi:10.1148/103.2.281
  22. Atilgan D, Kudat H, Tükek T, Ozcan M, Yildirim OB, Elmaci TT, et al. Role of transesophageal echocardiography in diagnosis and management of cardiac hydatid cyst: report of three cases and review of the literature. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2002;15(3):271-4. Available from: doi:10.1067/mje.2002.120507
  23. Barbetseas J, Lambrou S, Aggeli C, Vyssoulis G, Frogoudaki A, Tsiamis E, et al. Cardiac hydatid cysts: echocardiographic findings. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound. 2005;33(4):201-5. Available from: doi:10.1002/jcu.20108
  24. Behzadnia N, Hossein-Ahmadi Z, Sharif-Kashani B, Sheybani-Afshar F, Naghash-Zadeh F, Ansari-Aval Z, et al. Pericardial hydatid cyst in oblique sinus, obstructing all pulmonary veins: A rare presentation. Tanaffos. 2013;12(1):78-80. doi:N/A
  25. Bennis A, Bennani‐Smires C, Chraibi N. Imaging in cardiac echinococcosis. Echocardiography. 1997;14(5):455-7. Available from: doi:10.1111/j.1540-8175.1997.tb00750.x
  26. Madisson-Bernardo M, Bernardo D, Trad HS, Meneghelli U, Villanova M, Schmidt A. Intense Pericardial Involvement in Polycystic Echinococcosis Submitted to Successful Medical Treatment. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging. 2019;12(12):e009826. Available from: doi:10.1161/citcimaging.119.009826
  27. Blanco M, Echevarría JR, Fernández-Gutiérrez M, Laguna G. Heart Failure for Superinfected Giant Pericardial hydatid cyst. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2017;103(2):e197. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.09.039
  28. El Boussaadani B, Regragui H, Bouhdadi H, Wazaren H, Ajhoun I, Laaroussi M, et al. Primary cardiac hydatid cyst presenting with massive pericardial effusion: a case report. The Egyptian Heart Journal. 2020;72(1):1-4. Available from: doi:10.1186/s43044-020-00085-x
  29. Bzikha R, Bouhmou A, Messouak M. Cardiac hydatid cyst disease in a young patient. Cirugía Cardiovascular. 2021;28(5):290-2. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.circv.2021.03.002
  30. Cakici M, Cetin M, Ercan S, Davutoglu V. Isolated multiple invasive cardiac hydatid cyst. Case Reports. 2013;2013(1):1-2. Available from: doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-010106
  31. Cakir O, Sade R, Alper F. Radiological imaging of pericardial hydatid cyst. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. 2021;54(1):1. doi:N/A
  32. Ceyran H, Tasdemir K, Tezcaner T, Asgun F, Karahan OI, Emirogullari ON, et al. A rare cause of peripheral arterial embolism: ruptured cardiac hydatid cyst. Vasa. 2002;31(2):129-31. doi:N/A
  33. Cheng W. hydatid cysts in the pericardium-a new case and review of the literature. The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon.1982;30(1):56-7. Available from: doi:10.1055/s-2007-1022210
  34. Cimpoesu D, Stoica L, Paulet A, Petris A. A case of anaphylactic shock due to pericardial hydatid cyst. Chest. 2012;142(4):322A. Available from: doi:10.1378/chest.1389659
  35. Dasbaksi K, Haldar S, Mukherjee K, Mukherjee P. A rare combination of hepatic and pericardial hydatid cyst and review of literature. International journal of surgery case reports. 2015;10(1):52-5. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.02.052
  36. Delgado FJ, Cabrero JB, González JM, Verdú EV, López-Cillero P. Isolated pericardial echinococcosis as a manifestation of hepatic hydatid disease. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020;20(8):992. Available from: doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30485-2
  37. Deutsch V, Kreisler B, Padeh B, Pausner YM. Echinococcosis of the heart diagnosed by cardioangiography. The British Journal of Radiology. 1969;42(499):540-3. Available from: doi:10.1259/0007-1285-42-499-540
  38. Dodek A, DeMots Jr H, Antonovic JA, Hodam RP. Echinococcus of the heart: An unusual tumor of the heart and liver. The American Journal of Cardiology.1972;30(3):293-7. Available from: doi:10.1016/0002-9149(72)90076-8
  39. Dogra N, Puri GD, Kumar B. Isolated pericardial echinococcosis: Perioperative transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation. Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research. 2013;4(2):149-51. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.jcdr.2012.11.004
  40. Elbeyli L, Kervancioğlu R, Bayram M, Filiz A. Hydatid cysts with pulmonary and cardiac involvement. Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals. 1999;7(3):236-7. Available from: doi:10.1177/021849239900700
  41. Erol T, Altay H, Tarim E. A pericardial hydatid cyst and pregnancy. Acta Cardiologica. 2011 ;66(3):387-9. Available from: doi:10.1080/AC.66.3.2114143
  42. Exadactylos NI, Kouskos GP, Tsoukas A. Echinococcal disease with a cardiac hydatid cyst masquerading as coronary heart disease. International journal of cardiology. 1994;43(1):105-6. Available from: doi:10.1016/0167-5273(94)90101-5
  43. Zheng F, Wang X, Ma SF, Qiao J, Ilyar S. Surgical treatment of pericardial echinococcosis: report of eight cases. Chinese Medical Journal. 2013;126(3):591-2. Available from: doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20121018
  44. Fertin M, Mouquet F, Lallemant R, Gaxotte V, Decoene C, Larrue B, et al. Diagnosis, imaging, and treatment of an unusual cardiac hydatid cyst. Cardiovascular Pathology. 2006;15(6):356-8. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.carpath.2006.08.004
  45. Franquet T, Lecumberri F, Joly M. Hydatid heart disease. The British Journal of Radiology.1984 ;57(674):171-3. Available from: doi:10.1259/0007-1285-57-674-171
  46. Fortunato G, Battellini R, Marenchino R, Posatini R, Domenech A, Kotowicz V. How to remove multiple mediastinal and pericardial hydatid cysts. Multimedia Manual of Cardiothoracic Surgery: MMCTS. 2019;2019(1):1. Available from: doi:10.1510/mmcts.2019.026
  47. Gerber BL, Pasquet A, El Khoury G, Verhelst R, Vanoverschelde JL, Watremez C, et al. Echinococcosis of the heart and ascending aorta. Circulation. 2012;125(1):185-7. Available from: doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.043893
  48. Girit S, Polatoğlu E, Şenol E, Ceyran H, Kökten ŞÇ. Pericardial hydatid cyst and tuberculosis co-existence. Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2018;26(2):312-15. Available from: doi:10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2018.14909
  49. Gibson DS. Cardiac hydatid cysts. Thorax. 1964;19(2):151-8. Available from: doi:10.1136/thx.19.2.151
  50. Perez-Gomez F, Duran H, Tamames S, Perrote JL, Blanes A. Cardiac echinococcosis: clinical picture and complications. British Heart Journal. 1973;35(12):1326-31. Available from: doi:10.1136/hrt.35.12.1326
  51. Guha A, Ranjan R, Saxena P, Mehta Y. A rare case of cardiac hydatid cyst. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia. 2021;24(4):470-2. Available from: doi:10.4103/aca.ACA_42_20
  52. Gürlek A, Dagalp Z, Özyurda Ü. A case of multiple pericardial hydatid cysts. International journal of cardiology. 1992;36(3):366-8. Available from: doi:10.1016/0167-5273(92)90310-Y
  53. Hammel A, Bannas P, Henes FO. Superinfection of a Pericardial hydatid cyst Leading to Sepsis and Multi-Organ Failure. InRöFo-Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren. 2016;188(10):959-961. Available from: doi:10.1055/s-0042-108341
  54. Martin-Herrero F, Cruz I, Muñoz L. Hepatic hydatid cyst rupturing into pericardial cavity. Heart. 2006;92(10):1536. Available from: doi:10.1136/hrt.2006.090456
  55. Heye T, Lichtenberg A, Junghanss T, Hosch W. Cardiac Manifestation of Cystic Echinococcosis: Comparison of Dual-Source Cardio–Computed Tomography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Their Impact on Disease Management. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2007;77(5):875-7. doi:N/A
  56. Ileri M, Hisar I, Atak R, Senen K, Aras D, Buyukasik N. A pericardial hydatid cyst masquerading as acute inferolateral myocardial infarction: a case report. Angiology. 2005;56(5):637-40. Available from: doi:10.1177/00033197050560
  57. Ilyas M, Dev G. Isolated pericardial hydatid: A rare presentation of hydatid disease. The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. 2017;48(4):873-5. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.ejrnm.2017.08.007
  58. Inzirillo F, Giorgetta C, Ravalli E. Pericardial echinococcosis: Unusual presentation in a non-endemic region. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2014;22(9):1126-7. Available from: doi:10.1177/021849231350
  59. Jamil F, Nanda NC, Thakur AC, Malhotra S, Agrawal DI, Reddy VV,et al . Echocardiographic detection of intramyocardial coronary obstruction produced by pericardial hydatid cyst. Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques. 1997;14(5):459-60. doi:N/A
  60. Karadede A, Alyan O, Sucu M, Karahan Z. Coronary narrowing secondary to compression by pericardial hydatid cyst. International journal of cardiology. 2008;123(2):204-7. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.11.174
  61. Karangelis D, Tagarakis GI, Tsantsaridou A, Tsilimingas N. Computerized tomographic coronary angiography in diagnostics of cardiac echinococcus. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia. 2011; 14(1):58. Available from: doi:10.4103/0971-9784.74403
  62. Kardaras F, Kardara D, Tselikos D, Tsoukas A, Exadactylos N, Anagnostopoulou M, et al. Fifteen year surveillance of echinococcal heart disease from a referral hospital in Greece. European heart journal. 1996;17(8):1265-70. Available from: doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015045
  63. Koçoğulları CU. An apical cardiac hydatid cyst. Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2010;18(2).132-34. doi:N/A
  64. Kosar F, Aksoy Y, Sahin I, Erdil N. Pericardial hydatid cyst mimicking acute coronary syndrome. Texas Heart Institute Journal/from the Texas Heart Institute of St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital. 2005;32(4):570-2. doi:N/A
  65. Kosecik M, Karaoglanoglu M, Yamak B. Pericardial hydatid cyst presenting with cardiac tamponade. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2006;22(2):145-7. Available from: doi:10.1016/S0828-282X(06)70254-9
  66. Kotoulas GK, Magoufis GL, Gouliamos AD, Athanassopoulou AK, Roussakis AC, Koulocheri DP, et al. Evaluation of hydatid disease of the heart with magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology. 1996;19(3):187-9. Available from: doi:10.1007/BF02577618
  67. Vikas K, Parveen G, Shweta A, Subhadeep S, Amitesh G, Rupak S. A rare case of both mediastinal and pericardial hydatid cysts presenting as cardiomegaly. Indian Journal of Chest Diseases and Allied Sciences. 2019;61(2):87-9. doi:N/A
  68. Kumar A, Ballal P, Nagamani AC, Sheriff SA. Surgical excision of an epicardial ventricular hydatid cyst. Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals. 2020;28(5):273-5. Available from: doi:10.1177/021849232092
  69. SIDDHARTH AA, JHANWAR LP. Cardio-pericardial hydatid cyst. ANTISEPTIC. 2014;111(2):86-8. doi:N/A
  70. Maffeis GR, Petrucci O, Carandina R, Leme Jr CA, Truffa M, Vieira R, et al. Cardiac echinococcosis. Circulation. 2000;101(11):1352-4. Available from: doi:10.1161/01.CIR.101.11.1352
  71. Marcì M, Ajello A, Finazzo F, Violante F, Pizzuto A, Battaglia A, et al. Cardiac echinococcus complicated by ventricular tachycardia. Echocardiography. 2001;18(7):613-5. Available from: doi:10.1046/j.1540-8175.2001.00613.x
  72. Marouf R, Alloubi I. hydatid cyst of the pericardium mimicking a right atrial myxoma. Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2019;35(3):502-6. Available from: doi:10.1007/s12055-019-00797-z
  73. Díaz-Menéndez M, Pérez-Molina JA, Norman FF, Perez-Ayala A, Monge-Maillo B, Fuertes PZ, et al. Management and outcome of cardiac and endovascular cystic echinococcosis. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2012;6(1): e1437-15. Available from: doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001437
  74. Mestres CA, Toshani A, Hemdan A, Alewa AM, Bernal JM. Hydatid pericardial tamponade: a grape soup. The Lancet. 2011;377(9780):1862. Available from: doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61154-3
  75. Moorthy N, Ananthakrishna R, Rajendran R, Gowda GS, Bhat SP, Nanjappa MC. Giant cardiac hydatid cyst: an uncommon cause of cardiomegaly. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2013;62(16): e145. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.103
  76. Mouhsine A, Belkouch A, Roukhssi R, Fikri AE, Belyamani L, Mahfoudi M. Hydatid cyst of the pericardium: a case report. Pan African Medical Journal. 2014;19(1):1-5. doi:N/A
  77. Mughal MN, Mustafa AE, Almulla A, Mazhar R. Robot-assisted Excision of An Unusual Apical Pericardial hydatid cyst. InQatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings.2014;2014(1): HBPP0172. Available from: doi:10.5339/qfarc.2014.HBPP0172
  78. Naoui H, Azelmat S, Lemkente Z, Semlali S, Iken M, El Fenni J, et al. Pericardial hydatid cyst in a Child: a case report. International Cardiovascular Research Journal. 2019;13(1):34-6. doi:N/A
  79. NARIN N, MEŞE T, ÜNAL N, PINARLI S, CANGAR Ş. Pericardial hydatid cyst with a fatal course. Pediatrics International. 1996;38(1):61-2. Available from: doi:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1996.tb03437.x
  80. Nasri S, Aichouni N, Lokman S, El Ouafi N, Kamaoui I, Skiker I. Cardiac hydatid cyst: 2 case reports. Radiology Case Reports. 2021;16(12):3829-33. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2021.09.013
  81. Nawaiseh K, Bkoor B, Qaisi A, Maayeh S, Anzeh RA. CARDIAC HC: A CASE REPORT. Pakistan Heart Journal. 2015;48(4).215-17. doi:N/A
  82. Nemes A, Geleijnse ML, van Geuns RJ, Caliskan K, Michels M, Soliman OI, et al. Evaluation of pericardial hydatid cysts by different echocardiographic imaging modalities. The international journal of cardiovascular imaging. 2006;22(5):647-51. Available from: doi:10.1007/s10554-006-9089-4
  83. Noah MS, Hawas NE, Joharjy I, Abdel-Hafez M. Primary cardiac echinococcosis: report of two cases with review of the literature. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology. 1988;82(1):67-73. Available from: doi:10.1080/00034983.1988.11812211
  84. Oliver JM, Sotillo JF, Dominguez FJ, Lopez de Sa E, Calvo L, Salvador A, et al. Two-dimensional echocardiographic features of echinococcosis of the heart and great blood vessels. Clinical and surgical implications. Circulation. 1988;78(2):327-37. Available from: doi:10.1161/01.CIR.78.2.327
  85. Oner T, Korun O, Celebi A. A cardiac hydatid cyst mimicking a pericardial tumour in a paediatric case. Cardiology in the Young. 2019;29(2):244-6. doi:10.1017/S1047951118002032
  86. Onursal E, Elmacı TT, Tirelı E, Dindar A, Atılgan D, Özcan M. Surgical treatment of cardiac echinococcosis: report of eight cases. Surgery today. 2001;31(4):325-30. Available from: doi:10.1007/s005950170153
  87. Oraha AY, Al-modhaffer SS, Ahmed OF, Baram A, Kakamad F, Yaldo FF. Cardiac hydatid disease; misleading presentations, a case series. International Journal of Surgery Open. 2020; 22(1):1-5. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.ijso.2019.11.006
  88. Ozates M, Sari I. A pericardial hydatid cyst extending to the left lobe of the liver: the diagnostic value of MRI. Heart and vessels. 2000;15(1):44-5. Available from: doi:10.1007/s003800070047
  89. Panayotov P, Boyadzhieva R, Kornovski V, Peychev Y, Panayotova D, Petrov V. Right ventricle hydatid cyst with a pericardial cavity involvement: a case report. Scripta Scientifica Medica. 2013 ;45(4):84-7. Available from: doi:10.14748/ssm.v45i4.240
  90. Papo I, Ginsberg E, Albreht M, Martinović N, Sokolić J. Surgical treatment of cardiac echinococcosis: report of nine cases. Texas Heart Institute Journal. 1982;9(1):3-9. doi:N/A
  91. Parihar AB, Maldhure BR. Pericardial hydatid cyst. Lung India. 2006;23(4):158-9. doi:N/A
  92. Vaidyanathan KR, Vaijyanath P, Betigeri A, Cherian KM. Left Ventricular Epicardial hydatid cyst compressing the left circumflex artery. Journal of Cardiac Surgery. 2009;24(4):483-4. Available from: doi:10.1111/j.1540-8191.2008.00742.x
  93. Rey M, Alfonso F, Torrecilla EG, McKenna WJ, Balaguer J, Alvarez L, et al. Diagnostic value of two-dimensional echocardiography in cardiac hydatid disease. European heart journal. 1991 ;12(12):1300-7. Available from: doi:10.1093/eurheartj/12.12.1300
  94. Sachdeva V, Chawla K. Multiple pericardial hydatid cysts—a rare presentation. Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2011;27(2):109-10. Available from: doi:10.1007/s12055-010-0074-0
  95. Sakarya ME, Irmak H, Etlik Ö, Evirgen Ö, Temizöz O, Sakarya N. MR findings in pericardial hydatid cyst. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2003;199(3):181-5. Available from: doi:10.1620/tjem.199.181
  96. Salih OK, Çelik ŞK, Topcuoğlu MŞ, Kisacikoğlu B, Tokcan A. Surgical treatment of hydatid cysts of the heart: a report of 3 cases and a review of the literature. Canadian journal of surgery. 1998;41(4):321-7. doi:N/A
  97. Sahin S, Ozderya A, Uzun G, Sayin M. Living with a pericardial hydatid cyst for 50 years. International Journal of the Cardiovascular Academy. 2021;7(2):60-1. doi:N/A
  98. Simonsen L, Soerum C. Myocardial perfusion SPECT defects resulting from cystic echinococcosis in the pericardium. Clinical nuclear medicine. 2006;31(2):96-8. Available from: doi:10.1097/01.rlu.0000196601.07608.56
  99. Singhal M, Ramanathan S, Bahl A, Singh P. Isolated pericardial hydatid cyst. Postgraduate medical journal. 2011;87(1033):790. Available from: doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2011-130192
  100. Tellez G, Nojek C, Juffe A, Rufilanchas J, O'Connor F, Figuera D. Cardiac echinococcosis: report of 3 cases and review of the literature. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1976;21(5):425-30. Available from: doi:10.1016/S0003-4975(10)63892-1
  101. Thapaliya P, Ali TA, Bhutta MM. Isolated pericardial cystic Echinococcosis: A rare clinical presentation. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022;38(3):770-2. Available from: doi:10.12669/pjms.38.3.4965
  102. TÜKEK UD, Şeref Demiral UD, Atilgan D, Onursal E, Korkut F. Role of transesophageal echocardiography in diagnosis and management of cardiac hydatid cyst: Report of two cases and review of the literature. Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology. 2000;28(2):131-3. Available from: doi:10.1067/mje.2002.120507
  103. Tufekcioglu O, Birincioglu CL, Arda K, Fansa I, Sarıtas A, Karahan M. Echocardiography findings in 16 cases of cardiac echinococcosis: proposal for a new classification system. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2007;20(7):895-904. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.echo.2006.12.012
  104. Uygur B, Ustabasioglu FE, Karakurt H, Akinci O, Celik O. An unusual cause of chest pain: an isolated huge cardiac hydatid cyst. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound. 2018;46(4):262-4. Available from: doi:10.1002/jcu.22518
  105. Vural M, Sayın B, Pasaoglu L, Koparal S, Elverici E, Dede D. Isolated pericardial hydatid cyst in an asymptomatic patient: a remark on its radiologic diagnosis. Clinical imaging. 2007 Jan 1;31(1):37-9. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2006.10.002
  106. Vurdem ÜE, Inci MF, FAZLIOĞLU M, Taşdemir A, İmamoğlu H. Isolated pericardial hydatid cyst. European Journal of General Medicine. 2015;12(1):74-7. Available from: doi:10.15197/sabad.1.12.14
  107. Wadhawa V, Shah J, Doshi C, Ramani J, Lakhia K, Rathod D, et al. Surgical overview of cardiac echinococcosis: a rare entity. Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery. 2018;27(2):191-7. Available from: doi:10.1093/icvts/ivy053
  108. Ward TJ, Jacobi AH, Mendelson DS, Lento PA. AIRP best cases in radiologic-pathologic correlation: cardiac echinococcus infection. RadioGraphics. 2013;33(5):1413-8. Available from: doi:10.1148/rg.335125209
  109. Yaliniz H, Tokcan A, Salih OK, Ulus T. Surgical treatment of cardiac hydatid disease: a report of 7 cases. Texas Heart Institute Journal. 2006;33(3):333. doi:N/A
  110. Yimamu R, Qing-Qing L, Wei-Min Z. Primary pericardial hydatid cyst in an asymptomatic butcher. Cardiology in the Young. 2021;31(3):479-81. Available from: doi:10.1017/S1047951120004114
  111. Muhialdeen AS, Ahmed JO, Baba HO, Abdullah IY, Hassan HA, Najar KA, et al. Kscien’s List; A New Strategy to Discourage Predatory Journals and Publishers (Second Version). Barw Medical Journal. 2023:1(1);14. Available from: doi:10.58742/BMJ.V1I1.14

Related Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Keywords
Copyright (c) 2023 Barw Medical Journal Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Send mail to Author

Send Cancel
Copyright© Barw 2023. All rights reserved
Themes by Openjournaltheme.com