ISSN: 2960-1959
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Review Articles

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal) in COVID-19: A Review

Huda M. Muhammad
College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Nahida HA. Ahmed
Sulaimani maternity teaching hospital sulaimani Kurdistan, Iraq.
Gasha S. Ahmed
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Tokat Turkey
Fahmi H. Kakamad
College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Sabah J. Hasan
Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Berun A. Abdalla
Smart Health Tower, Scientific Affairs Department, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Shvan H. Mohammed
Kscien Organization for Scientific Research (Middle East office), Hamid Str, Azadi Mall, Sulaimani, Kurdstan, Iraq
Snur Othman
Kscien Organization for Scientific Research (Middle East office), Hamid Str, Azadi Mall, Sulaimani, Kurdstan, Iraq
Sanaa O. Karim
College of Nursing, University of Sulaimani Madam Mitterand Street Kurdistan, Iraq.
Hussein M. Hamasalih
College of Nursing, University of Sulaimani Madam Mitterand Street Kurdistan, Iraq.
Yousif M. Mahmood
Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
Hawbash M. Rahim
Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Tokat Turkey
Abstract
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Published: July 31, 2023
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Abstract

Pregnant women represent a vulnerable population due to their altered immune response, potentially leading to increased susceptibility and severity of infections. The COVID-19 infection might increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in this population, however, to date, it has not been established whether SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to these outcomes as differing conclusions have been made by the published studies and reviews. This comprehensive review explores the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes, encompassing maternal, fetal, and neonatal health. The current literature reports higher rates of adverse maternal outcomes among pregnant women with COVID-19, this includes increased rates of cesarean section, preeclampsia, and elevated risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and maternal death. Fetal and neonatal outcomes are also influenced by COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. Findings suggest an elevated risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, and Neonatal ICU admissions among newborns of mothers with COVID-19. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as the Delta variant, raises concerns about their potential impact on more adverse outcomes compared to the wild type. Vaccination has demonstrated safety and efficacy in pregnant women, providing a potential preventive measure against COVID-19. However, the potential impact of vaccination on adverse pregnancy outcomes requires further investigation. To address current knowledge gaps, future research should also focus on long-term effects, fertility considerations, child development, and the impact of emerging variants.

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