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Review Articles

Presentation and Management of Thyroid Hydatid Cyst: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of the Literature

Abdullah A. Qadir
College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
Ismael Y. Abdullah
Kalar General Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
Muhammed Bag A. Ali
Smart Health Tower/Raparin, Karux Street, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
Rebaz O. Mohammed
Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
Hardi M. Dhair
Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
Yadgar A. Saeed
Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
Aso S. Muhialdeen
Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
Honar Othman Kareem
Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
Aras J. Qaradakhy
Department of Radiology, Shorsh Teaching Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
Sasan M. Ahmed
Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
Shaho F. Ahmed
Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
Hiwa O. Baba
Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
Ari M. Abdullah
Department of Pathology, Sulaymaniyah Teaching Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
Abdulwahid M. Salih
College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
Fahmi H. Kakamad
College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
Berun A. Abdalla
Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
Abstract
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Published: March 10, 2024
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Abstract

Introduction

Hydatid cysts of the thyroid gland, though rare, pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This systematic review summarizes current knowledge on the presentation, diagnosis, and management.

Methods

A systematic review of the published studies of thyroid hydatid cysts was conducted. The included studies of thyroid hydatid cysts had the following properties: 1) The thyroid infection was confirmed by diagnostic modalities, surgical findings, or histopathology. 2) The case presentation was provided in the study. 3) The cyst(s) were originally located or adhered to the thyroid and did not rupture into it from the other adjacent structures or organs.

Results

Overall, 39 studies were compatible with the inclusion criteria. Turkey had the highest case occurrence (36%). Female predominance (59%) and a mean age of 38.33 years were observed. Mass (79.5%) was the most common symptom, followed by hoarseness of voice (4%). Serology (18.75% positive) and ultrasound (77.5%) were primarily used for diagnosis. Surgery was the mainstay of treatment (96%), with total thyroidectomy (32.6%) and left hemithyroidectomy (16%) being the most common approaches. No recurrence was reported in the follow-up period (0%).

Conclusion

This review highlights the rarity, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and successful surgical management of thyroid hydatid cysts. Further research is needed to optimize diagnostic methods and explore alternative treatment options.

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